Monday, September 30, 2019

Characterization through Dialogue in Hemingway’s Works Essay

Alan Pryce-Jones (qtd. in Lamb 453) stated to describe the creative contribution of Ernest Hemingway in Literature that it is â€Å"his innovative dialogue might turn out to be his enduring memorial as a writer.† On the other hand, Elizabeth Bowen (qtd. in Lamb 454-455) said that dialogue in short stories or novels should copy as much as possible several â€Å"realistic qualities† of a conversation, namely: spontaneity, ambiguity, artlessness, allusiveness, irreverence, and erraticness. She further adds that the use of dialogue for the cause of exposition is rarely used for this purpose considering that elaboration can be done right at the start of the story. The use of dialogue to expose components of the story, particularly characterization, plus the drama inherent in it, is very difficulty to do. To start, the elementary literary definition of characterization of a story can be pursued by direct means. This is where the author narrates things concerning the character. A way to do this is bay giving description of the clothes the character wears, the manner by which he gesticulate,   or the way he stride on the street. The second means is through indirect method. This technique is shown on how he speaks, reacts and acts. The most usual way a writer address this component of characterization is done using the latter technique. And this is applied usually through dialogue or through the conversation between two characters. Ernest Hemingway wrote the Hills Like White Elephants in 1927. This story is included in the short story anthology Men Without Women. The story runs about a woman and a man. Both are sitting at a bar in a station waiting for a train going to Madrid. And they talk. By the way they converse, it is obvious that have spent sometime with each other. If the reader would casually read how the conversation happening between the two go, he will from the start of the story until it is finished end up clueless as to what is going on with the characters in the story. In a sense, Hills Like White Elephants display the iceberg theory of Hemingway and his deftness in handling dialogue in a story. If Hemingway was widely seen as a writer who wrote primarily for the dominating male, in Hills Like White Elephants, he is able to dissect the workings of a relationship where females most of the time are subjected to an unbalance relationship and furthermore dominated by the males (Raeburn 208). The means by which Hemingway is able to exploit this is through his creative creation of dialogue that discloses the characteristics of the couple: their speech, action and reaction. Through the use of dialogue, Hemingway is able rise to the dexterous ability to give character to his protagonist and antagonist. For a reader to totally appreciate and efficiently understand the characterization that Ernest Hemingway applied in Hills Like White Elephants and also to most of his stories, the reader first ought and must understand the tool and method by which the writer employ to express implicitly and indirectly the drama that is happening between the characters. This tool which ingeniously utilized by Hemingway is technique in his stories is called dialogue. Hemingway’s stories, as exemplified by Hills Like White Elephants, mainly runs marvelously through the innovation and utilization of the form of dialogue. This single-handedly tackled major aspects of characterization like speech, action of the characters and reaction of the characters. To quote again Alan Pryce-Jones (qtd. in Lamb 453), the creative contribution of Ernest Hemingway in Literature is â€Å"his innovative dialogue might turn out to be his enduring memorial as a writer.† Works Cited Lamb, Robert P. â€Å"Hemingway and the Creation of Twentieth-Century Dialogue.† Twentieth Century Literature 42 (1996): 453-580 Raeburn, John. â€Å"Skirting the Hemingway Legend.† American Literary History 1(1989):206-218

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Archetype Research Project Essay

Archetypes are â€Å"An inherited idea or mode of thought in the psychology of C. G. Jung that is derived from the experience of the race and is present in the unconscious of the individual† (archetype). Archetypes are central in all cultures across the world and can provide important lessons and outlooks on the common aspects of human life. The journey, is an archetype in which the main character is in search of some sort of truth and typically faces many difficult trials along the way, this can be both physical and mental. While going through these trials a kind of hell is reached and the character must attempt to make their way back to society. Though the journey is not always well liked due to its dark and serious nature, it provides self-confidence and shows society how to react to difficulties they may face in life. This archetype can be found in slightly different forms in the three novels: â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Brontà «, â€Å"The Odyssey† by Hom er, and â€Å"The Plague† by Albert Camus. Each author uses the archetype, the journey, to express their own thoughts; they create an overall theme or message to influence their readers. â€Å"Jane Eyre† was written in 1847 by Charlotte Brontà «. The novel follows Jane Eyre from her childhood as the family scapegoat, through her schooling at a poorly managed charity school, and later when she becomes a governess and falls in love with her employer, Mr. Rochester. Jane’s journey is in search of the love and acceptance of others, she goes through many trials before reaching her goal. The theme that Brontà « creates using the archetype of the journey is: In times of hardship you must persevere and not lose sight of yourself and your morals while striving to find happiness. This is one of the most important messages that she is sending to her readers through Jane Eyre. She does this by giving multiple examples of Jane’s strength. One example of Jane’s strength is when she struggles to regain her since of dignity and self-worth after discovering, on her wedding day, that Mr. Rochester was already married. This is the most devastating part of Jane’s journey but her reaction to the situation is what builds the theme. â€Å"Laws and principles are not for the times when there is no temptation: they are for such moments as this, when body and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour; stringent are they; inviolate they shall be† (Brontà « 369). Jane is very tempted to just give in to her weaknesses but she regains her composure and continues her struggle. Jane’s strength is also shown when she leaves Thornfield the night after the wedding. â€Å"But I was soon up; crawling forwards on my hands and knees, and then again raised to my feet — ­ as eager and as determined as ever to reach the road† (Brontà « 374). At this point Jane’s emotional turmoil has gone as far as to cause physical weakness. Which, she also finds courage to overcome. Brontà « uses Jane’s strength of morals and self-respect in times of trial to get her theme across to her readers. The importance of her perseverance throughout the novel is solidified in the fact that her suffering pays off in the end with a happy conclusion after Mr. Rochester’s wife is dead. â€Å"I hold myself supremely blest–blest beyond what language can express; because I am my husband’s life as fully is he is mine† (Brontà « 522). Jane would have been very unhappy if she had given in to her weaknesses before she felt morally sound in doing so. This shows how significant her waiting was in securing her happiness in the end. Charlotte Brontà « used the archetype of the journey in Jane Eyre to impact the reader by illustrating the importance of maintaining your moral standards and since of self-worth through times of trial and hardship when you are most prone to weakness. She has exemplified this through the strength and persistence of her main character, Jane. â€Å"The Odyssey† was written by Homer around 700 B.C. It is an epic that tells the story of Odysseus, a man who must make his way back home from war to his wife and son. His journey home however is delayed by a series of trials and while he is away suitors take over his household. Odysseus has been a role model not only in Greek culture but all around the world. Homer uses the characters reactions to the trials that are typical to the archetype of the journey to show the need for determination, hope and strength in the face of hardship. As Odysseus goes through the many challenges of his journey his perseverance is put to the test. One of these occasions is when Odysseus and his crew are within sight of Ithaca, but the curiosity of his crew causes them to be thrown severely off course and pushed back many days in their journey. â€Å"And I woke up with a start, my spirit churning— should I leap over the side and drown at once or grit my teeth and bear it, stay among the living? I bore it all, held firm, hiding my face, clinging tight to the decks† (Homer 10. 55-58). True strength is shown by Odysseus here due to the fact that it is laden with the dramatic irony of almost reaching your goal then being set back to the beginning. Homer uses Odysseus’s will to continue on and not give up to show the determination needed to overcome a trial such as this. Odysseus is not the only character in â€Å"The Odyssey† that the archetype of the journey applies to. Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, also goes through a journey and discovers darker truths as he searches for news of his father and watches the suitors tear apart his house. â€Å"But for me the gods have spun out no such joy, for my father or myself. I must bear up, that’s all† (Homer 3.236-238). Homer presents Telemachus much like his father, always determined to keep moving forward even when it seems all is against him. The archetype of the journey is constantly full of challenges and often disappointment. Odysseus comments on what he has learned of the nature of life and hardship. â€Å"But then, when the happy gods bring on the long hard times, bear them he must, against his will, and steel his heart. Our lives, our mood and mind as we pass across the earth, turn as the days turn† (Homer 18. 154-157). Odysseus has learned this lesson from experience and his calm warnings and advice on the subject contribute to the theme of the necessity of strength when it comes to the archetype of the journey. In relation to the archetype the journey Homer uses â€Å"The Odyssey† to create a theme of resilience and determination when encountering struggles and trials. This is created through the way that the characters handle hardship with their lives. Odysseus is a major role model whose success and failures can easily be learned from. â€Å"The Plague† was written by Albert Camus in 1947; the novel relates the story of a city falling into and later recovering from an epidemic of plague. Each character has his own personal interests but as the plague progresses and the gates of the city are closed, fighting the plague becomes everyone’s main interest. The entire town goes through an archetypal journey with each characters experiences differing in their own ways. When a group of people is suffering, each person has a duty to think more of the group and less of individual desires; everyone has to try to help others. It is the few people who fulfill that duty who make the difference for the whole of the community in the end. As the first few cases began to arise, nobody wanted to admit the high level of danger that came with them. Due to the town’s lack of experience with the plague things move slowly at first and no one really knows what to do. Despite this confusion and lack of knowledge it is important that there are a few people who are always fighting to make progress. â€Å"No, we should go forward, groping our way through the darkness, stumbling perhaps at times, and try to do what good lay in our power† (Camus 205). Camus shows the absolute need for action even when nobody is quite sure what to do. The town is urged to forget personal matters to devote themselves to following blind determination. After months of plague it becomes obvious to the townsfolk that they are all in the situation together and that they are in the same amount of risk even though nobody wanted to acknowledge it out loud. â€Å"No longer were there individual destinies; only a collective destiny, made of plague and emotions shared by all† (Camus 151). The atmosphere of the survival situation has made personal interests unimportant and the survival and health of the community the main point of the people’s lives. As the city of Oran attempts to regain its stability its citizens sacrifice their personal feelings such as love to go into a survival mode. â€Å"Evening after evening gave its truest, mournfulest expression to the blind endurance that had outlasted love from all our hearts† (Camus 168). People have become so engrossed in the plague and its effect on their lives that emotions like love are pushed to the back of the mind. Camus stresses the fact that in order for a community to endure, personal sacrifice is necessary. â€Å"The Plagues† main theme in relation to the archetype of the journey is that personal sacrifice may be needed in order for a community to go through a journey and still prevail in the end. It can also be seen that hope is necessary when you are faced with hardship even if you are completely lost and in the dark. All three novels, â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Brontà «, â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer, and â€Å"The Plague† by Albert Camus have strong examples of the journey archetype. Each tells a story of trials, hardship, and suffering. â€Å"Jane Eyre† focuses largely on Jane’s personal development and the challenges that she faces in her everyday life. Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s main theme is to not lose sight of who you are when things get tough in contrast to the ideas behind â€Å"The Plague† which call for almost an exact opposite due to the community setting in which the journey takes place. â€Å"The Odyssey† is more about a since of strength and endurance, though Odysseus’s emotions are evident and are very important in maintaining his will to continue trying to reach home, they do not dominate the scene like in â€Å"Jane Eyre† and â€Å"The plague†. The journey archetype is very important in giving people insight to possible life situations. By reading about a characters development while going through a journey it is easy to realize their achievements and failures. This makes these types of situations easier to handle when they come up in real life later on because the reader has already been warned of what to do and what not to do. The main characters of a story focused on an archetypal journey are also inspirational and can provide the same hope and determination by giving people a â€Å"they did this so I can too† type of attitude toward life’s challenges.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Food Supply and Environmental Issues Research Paper

Food Supply and Environmental Issues - Research Paper Example According to past trends, there have been plans of increasing food production in order to counter the increasing consumption rates. Despite the existence of such plans, the consumption rates have often surpassed the production rates (World Centric, 2013). This explains why there are people succumbing to hunger in the developing world. Moreover, the globe lives under the threat of food insecurity because of the changes in climate and diminishing resources. It is a fact that the population will increase immensely in the next thirty years if population growth rates persist. The current seven billion people are likely to increase to about 9 billion in three decades (Diouf, 2010). The world faces challenges in feeding the current population, but must exhibit preparedness to feed an extra two billion people. Such increase will likely cause more strain in the agricultural and fishing sector in order to cater for the rising need. Moreover, with people adopting different lifestyles, the world will likely need more fish and animal livestock (Diouf, 2010). These animals and fish will require feed and this only increases the need. Food is not the only need because population will present a higher energy need for the globe. In order to ensure a level of security in the future, application of new techniques in agriculture to increase yield and combat climate change has been the way for most of the nations. The new techniques include the adoption of new farming methods, search for better seed varieties and improved animal breeds. For some time, conventional breeding seemed to offer a promise for the future but not anymore. There are new problems that challenge the new techniques adopted. Pesticides and insecticides that were once effective are no longer efficient with the increasing resistance from pests (Vidal, 2012). Moreover, stretching the agricultural sector presents its limits because of the potential environmental effects. Therefore, the discovery of better biotechnological methods has been the focus of many scientists in the recent past. Although genetically modified organisms (GMOs) present a glimpse of hope for the future, the politics and criticisms behind them only serve to prove that the worl d needs a better solution. Although the use of GMOs can assure the globe of food security to a certain level, they present new challenges as well, and scientists are still figuring out what they can do to ensure safety (Vidal, 2012). However, these still provide the world with fortified foods presenting a new capacity for agriculture to provide a balanced diet to its ever growing and needy population. Many have urged that green technology will present a better solution (Woody, 2012). The technology comes with handy benefits because it can provide good yields while conserving the environment as well. Although it comes with multiple benefits, it is expensive for the local farmer doing it at small scale. Moreover, the adverse climatic changes that have resulted because of over-exploitation of the

Friday, September 27, 2019

ANTH Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANTH Final Paper - Essay Example â€Å"Men average 152 centimeters (5 feet) in height and women 141 centimeters (4.5 feet). They are frequently referred to as pygmies, a term more correctly used for the central African Pygmy populations.† (Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) They have traditionally been known as aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippine rain forest. For centuries they have been largely and hunter/gather culture using bows and arrows to hunt large game. Over the past hundred years they have interacted more with the Philippine civilization, especially the lowlanders and have worked as casual farm laborers as well. Many of Southeast Asias Negrito populations are quickly disappearing. There number have decreased dramatically in just over the past ten years and continue to decline. In fact, several Negrito populations in the Andaman Islands have disappeared completely in the past one hundred years. â€Å"The 10 Negrito dialect groups in peninsular Malaysia number only 1,800 today, far fewer than in the last century. The Negrito groups in Thailand have declined to only 300 people.† (Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) Ecology: Luzon has the largest number of Negritos, who reside in the mountains of Zambales, Bataan, Western Pampanga, Western Tarlac, Southwestern Pangasinan, and in the Sierra Madre range, which rims the eastern side of Luzon. The Negritos of the Sierra Madre refer to themselves and their language by the term Agta. The larger Philippine population usually refer to them as "Dumagats.† The Agta have a population of around 9,000 and they are divided into 10 ethnolinguistic groups. The Agta themselves distinguish two types of groups within their communities. The first group resides in the mountains quite a distance from both the coastline and the towns. This population relies more on hunting and gathering and have very little contact with the Filipino lowland farmers. The second group lives much closer to farming settlements and interacts on a

Thursday, September 26, 2019

The Effects of Social Media on Employment Essay

The Effects of Social Media on Employment - Essay Example The report has considered reliable secondary data sources to analyze the gained data in order to meet the report objective. The report has summarized important facts that have come through data analysis in order to meet the developed assignment objective.As the discussion stresses social media can be defined as social interaction activities among individuals in which those individuals develop and share ideas and information in virtual networks and communities. Adoption and implementation of social media in business operation processes can be considered as an effective business strategy for the employers. Employers can identify right and appropriate talent for their organisations through the use of social media networking websites. On the other hand, several graduates and job seekers used to follow several leading social media networking sites and processes in order to get effective employment or job opportunity. Therefore, it can be stated that use of social media can obviously benef it both employees and employers in their employment activities.  It is true that several leading organisations around the globe are trying to capitalize on potential business opportunities that have been developed due to globalisation and technological advancements. Each and every leading domestic as well as international organisation is trying to develop and implement unique business operation strategies in order to gain potential competitive advantages over competitors.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Human Resources Management - Unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources Management - Unions - Essay Example s to seek better employment opportunities, demand for safer workplaces and work practices and collaborate with others to form labor-oriented political movements. The Wagner Act of 1935, also known as National Labor relations Act, established a system for workers to decide the formation of unions by means of votes. If the voting is made in favor of unions, the management of the organization was required to collectively bargain with the union. National Labor Relations Board was also formed as a result of this act to implement the provisions of Wagner Act (Griffin 227). The Taft-Hartley Act was sponsored by popular US senator Robert A. Taft and Fred A. Hartley in 1947. The purpose of the act was to make amendments in the Wagner Act and it gave the President authority to appoint a board of inquiry to deal with union disputes. The act also made jurisdictional boycotts and strikes illegal and forbad unions to participate in political campaigns (Griffin 227). During the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, a committee was set up to investigate employer-employee associations in the federal service and the recommendations of the committee resulted in the formation and implementation of Executive Order 10988. This Order recognized labor groups in proper units and in pursuant to this, a code of Fait Labor Practices was approved in 1965. In 1969, President Nixon signed the executive order 11491 with the intention to improve Order 10988 and specify the responsibilities of workers, their representatives and state officials. Under this law, the final authority rested on the Federal Labor Relations Council, however arbitration of grievances was permitted but were subject to certain exclusions that could be examined by the Council (Twomey 331).The FLRC was established to make decisions regarding policies and to hear appeals and conduct trials on various issues. The law of collective bargaining allows employees to negotiate the terms and conditions of employment with the employer.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Critically discuss the process of planning Health schools program Assignment

Critically discuss the process of planning Health schools program which is examining ways of addressing the growing problem of c - Assignment Example In the United States, childhood obesity is now the most widespread chronic disorder in children. In 2003, the health Survey of England has also reported that the obesity among 2-10 years old was recorded as 27.7% and 13.7% respectively. Genetic characteristics may increase the tendency of the child to have excess body weight but it is applicable only in few of the cases (Farooqi, 2005). According to the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from last three decades, the genetic characteristics of the humans have not changed. However, in the same period the prevalence of obesity has tripled among children. The other factor that causes the imbalance is behaviour. It can be caused by the excess intake of energy in the form of junk food and sugar-sweetened drinks. In addition to this, if the children are not participating in physical activities during schools, this may play a major part in consuming high calories. Other than this, children spend more time in front of television, computers, and cellular telephones (Zametktn, Zoon, Klein, and Munson, 2004). It requires little activity and may lower the children’s metabolic rate. Moreover, they tend to make unhealthy food choices because of excessive exposure of food advertisement. Schools alone cannot solve the obesity epidemic, but it is unlikely to achieve it without strong school-based programs and policies. This is because around 90 % of children are enrolled in the schools and if they develop the habit of good appetite from the beginning, only then they would be able to continue it for the rest of their life. Schools are the basic primary institutions for every field possible; hence, we can say that they can play a vital role in controlling the obesity epidemic (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2004). Initial statement of the issue In the past 30 years, the percentage of obesity has more than doubled in the children and its ratio has tripled among adolescents. Among c hildren between 6 -11 years, the frequency of obesity in 1980 was 6.5% (National Center for Health Statistics, 1999) whereas, in 1998 it has reached to 19.6%. Among adolescents, 12-19 years of age, obesity has increased from 5.0% to 18.1% in the respective years (National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adolescent and School Health, 2010). In the pre-school children among the age group of 2-5 years, the obesity rate has increased from 5% –10.4% between the years of 1976-1980. In years from 2007- 2008, for 6 -11 years old children the rate has increased from 6.5% -19.6% (Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2010). It is expected that the ratio of obesity in children will continue to increase if certain concrete steps are not taken against it. Therefore, on the government as well as private level, certain steps must be taken in order to move towards heal thy society. Quantify the issue In recent years, obesity has turned out to be a serious health concern for children. There are several factors involved in this process. It is seen that obesity can influence the academic development of the children. In a study, it was found that at the kindergartner’s level, overweight children were found to score significantly less in maths and in reading as compare to their non-overweight class fellows

Monday, September 23, 2019

To What Extent does Asymmetrical Warfare Challenge American Power Essay

To What Extent does Asymmetrical Warfare Challenge American Power (with Some Reference to the War in Afghanistan) - Essay Example One author notes â€Å"Strategists define asymmetric warfare as conflict deviating from the norm or an indirect approach to effect a counter-balancing of force† (Grange, p. 1). A retired serving officer on the other hand notes that â€Å"Judging by the multiple applications of the term [Asymmetry] in military journals, - -‘not fighting fair,’ ‘attacking a weak point,’ ‘information or cyber-war,’ ‘public relations war,’ ‘weapons of mass distraction,’ - very few people understand asymmetry’s formal definition† (Thomas, 2001, p. 32) This differs quite significantly from Thomas’s more practical definition: â€Å"Asymmetry is a matter of two unlike systems interacting, each within its capabilities† (Thomas, 2001, p. 37). Perhaps the most memorable way of describing what it is like to fight an asymmetric war is given by Thomas as follows in relation to disastrous American involvement in Soma lia: â€Å"The problem was about ‘apples’ attending an ‘oranges’ event: any hardware-only solution suggests asymmetric vulnerability† (Thomas, 2001, p. 34). ... 225). Bipolarity has the advantage of being evenly balanced. Attention was focused on one major point of friction, namely the ideological gulf between the two main opponents with clear lines drawn up and bystanders encouraged to take up a position on one side or the other. In the absence of Cold War bipolarity, everything takes on a much more complicated turn, and potential areas for conflict spring up in multiple directions. This creates ambiguity and confusion, and the potential for crisis is multiplied. In the short term this situation appears to be working in America’s favor, but it is likely that over time the forces in the world which oppose American values and policies will regroup, so that one or more new super-powers will emerge. China is an obvious candidate for this role, but there are flashpoints in the Islamic world and in Africa which could lead to new geopolitical alliances forming which could threaten America’s supremacy. The work of Joseph Nye on the wa y that America’s role in the world is changing has done much to explain what the implications are of geo-political shifts that leave America isolated as the only remaining superpower. For Nye, this power has three major forms, namely military, economic and â€Å"soft power†, which he defines as â€Å"the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments† (Nye, 2004, p. 256). American economic dominance on the world markets is one of the ways that soft power works, since cultural artefacts, ideas and ways of doing business travel the globe and create linkages between many other cultures and the American world view. Participation in

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Mitochondrial DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mitochondrial DNA - Essay Example This is accomplished in humans by the sequencing one or more of the hypervariable control regions (HVR1 or HVR2) of the mitochondrial DNA (Schwartz & Vissing 2002). Mitochondrial Eve is referred to as an ancestor who has been hypothesized on the grounds of fossil as well as DNA evidence (Vigilant et al. 1991). Phylogenies are constructed on mtDNA comparison shown that the living humans whose mitochondrial lineages branched earliest from the tree are indigenous Africans, while the lineages of indigenous peoples on other continents all branch off from African lines (Vigilant et al. 1991). Researchers can reason that all humans descend from Africa; and then they migrated out of Africa to populate the rest of the world. If the mitochondrial analysis is accurate, then mitochondrial Eve represents the origin of the mitochondrial family tree. Eve must have predated the mass departure and lived in Africa (Vigilant et al. 1991). Mitochondrial Eve was the most recent matrilineal ancestor of humans alive today. On the other hand, as evident lineages died out, the status of common matrilineal ancestor would have been passed to a descendant of the previous matrilineal ancestor. ... The nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable 1 (HV-1) region of mtDNA was determined from samples of all four groups. There were 275 HV-1 sequences, and a total of 164 haplotypes were observed (Jackson et al.). Jackson reveals that through analysis of molecular inconsistency indicated that the distribution of these haplotypes within the Limba sample was considerably different from the other ethnic groups. He further states that there was no significant difference between the other groups (Jackson et al.). These distinguishing results show genetic differences that can be observed within different ethnic groups in considerably close proximity of each other. Moreover, Jackson, and his group, observed some mtDNA haplotypes that were similar among the Sierra Leone ethnic groups and that have not been published in any other West African studies (Jackson et al.). As a result, there may be evidence for mtDNA lineages that are unique to this region of Western Africa. The methods of sampling w ere cheek swabs, using the BuccalAmp DNA Extraction kit according to the manufacturer's specifications, which were taking from 166 unrelated individuals from all four ethnic groups: Mende, Temne, Loko, and Limba (Jackson et al.). These samples were obtained in pre-arranged meetings and males were primarily observed. This was because matrilineal and patrilineal studies were conducted (Jackson et al.). Matrilineal and patrilineal ethnic lineages over three generations were recorded for each individual. The mtDNA haplotypes were determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable region (HV-I). HV1 sequences were allied and edited from positions 16001-16480 to ensure the identification of unambiguous polymorphisms (Jackson et al.). 480 bases of HV-I

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The Audobon Zoo Essay Example for Free

The Audobon Zoo Essay THE AUDUBON ZOO, 1993 The Audubon Zoo is located in New Orleans, Louisiana and is a 501(3)(c) non-profit organization. In 1914 the Audubon Commission was created to maintain and develop Audubon Park. In 1919 the Audubon Institute was established as the parent agency. Over the next several decades many changes would occur including the addition of a monkey cage, mammal cage and a deer paddock. Louisiana school children purchased the first elephant in 1924 and shortly thereafter an aquarium and sea lion pool was added. Through the Great Depression of the 1930s and 1940s the zoo was barely able to keep its doors openand in the 1950s it was labeled an animal â€Å"ghetto† by the media. In 1970 the U. S. Humane Society insisted the zoo be brought to industry standards. In the early 1970s the Commission worked closely with Mr. Ron Forman, City Hall Liaison for Audubon Park, to pass a special referendum that generated close to $2 million in bonds. These funds were the beginning of the Zoo’s restoration project that enabled it to expand from 19 acres to over 55 acres. Volunteers at the Zoo formally became known as Friends of the Zoo. By the 1980s the Zoohad received accreditation from the American Zoo and Aquarium Association and was noted as one of the nation’s top-rated zoological parks. And in 1989, Friends of the Zoo became known as Audubon Nature Institute where it remains today. Today, the zoo combines research laboratories with acres of pristine natural habitat where rare and endangered animals roam and reproduce (ANI, 2009). The Audubon Nature Institute’s mission to servesone purpose: Celebrating the Wonders of Nature. Its facilities carry on this mission through the Audubon Park, Audubon Zoo, Woldenberg Riverfront Park, Audubon Aquarium of the Americas, Freeport-McMoRan Audubon Species Survival Center, Entergy IMAX Theatre, Audubon Louisiana Nature Center, Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species, Audubon Wilderness Park, Audubon Insectarium and Audubon Nature Institute Foundation. Additional opportunities for the Zoo include technological advances in animal breeding and new interactive computer programs that allow visitors to become educated about the animals history, environment, special characteristics, feeding and origination. Educational programs for both children and adults are offered through visitor programs, school field trips, outreach programs, and educator’s resources. A very real threat to the Zoo is the unpredictability of Mother Nature. New Orleans is located on the Gulf of Mexico and hurricanes cause a threat to coastal areas during the summer and fall seasons. Tourists and residents will be deterred from visiting the Zoo during inclement weather and will have a negative impact on admissions revenue for an undetermined amount of time. A SWOT analysis is essential in evaluating the market potential of the Zoo. In areas of strength; new attractions will draw repeat customers and with the educational activities offered year round there is a limitless supply of â€Å"new† school children as they grow and develop their interest in the world around them. The rehabilitation center for injured animals is a favorite of the public and should be marketed accordingly. And, the Zoo’s Center for Research of Endangered Species has been recognized as â€Å"top notch† and as such also holds considerable value in marketing. The one major weakness of the Zoo is its absolute necessity to depend on donations from a generous public. Unfortunately, not all funds that are pledgedare actually received by the Zoo and this creates challenges in budgeting from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year. In a poor economy when the public are forced to worry about basic survival needsdonations will sharply decline. While the Zoo enjoys a heavy supply of volunteers, which creates a positive image to the community, they cannot be held to the same standards as paid employees. Volunteers are more apt to come and go as they will and this leaves the Zoo at the mercy of over worked, understaffed employees. A financial analysis of the Zoo reveals that it has done very well and that at the end of 1982 it was virtually self-sufficient. Improved efficiency in the area of operations was the first step towards this turnaround. The Zoo is entering a maturity stage and should look for opportunities to reduce its employment costs, non-value added programs and departments, administrative supplies and expenses associated with daily overhead. Media exposure can be highly expensive and as a non-profit entity the Zoo should take advantage of as much free exposure as possible. Press releases about new acquisitions, programs, animals, and the rehabilitation center should be sent to the media on a continuing basis. News articles with information about the different animals and the lands they originate from could become a regular travel guide feature of the local print media. Holding special events for a targeted segment of the public could draw additional revenue; live music on the green or in the park, Sunday afternoon Jazz Concert, or birthday parties with the special child’s favorite animal as the thememay stimulate growth in revenue. Another idea would be to consider an â€Å"adopt-an-animal† program. Local schools, businesses or individuals could agree to â€Å"adopt† an animal and provide monetary support through fund-raising or in-kind donations. Offering a yearly pass for residents at a discounted rate may seem contradictory to the idea of increased revenue but, if the community felt that they could visit the Zoo at any time without paying an entrance fee they may be more apt to spend discretionary dollars on hats, tee-shirts, sweat-shirts or other accessories, concession stand items and impulse buying of souvenirs. Key factors in bringing a successful turnaround of the Zoo begins with the original bond of $2 million and the total of a $5. 6 million development program that was created by the Audubon Park Commission. These funds permitted expansion of the Zoo to its present 48 acres allowing the area to be divided into geographic sections that featured the differentiation of the animals. Next was the implementation of admission charges to generate revenue and help off-set the few donations the Zoo received. The creation of the group Friends of the Zoo, which managed guidelines for the many topics and programs available also offered the edZOOcators conductededucational programs. The implementation of fundraising through new and interesting events and finally, the continuous expansion of programs and updating of other programs helped to create the Zoo’s success.

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Hollywood

The Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Hollywood Since the 1960s, Hollywood film industry has typically treated and portrayed homosexuals as subject of negative stereotypes and social pariahs. Queer identities might be the most extreme sexual dynamic at work in mass culture and reception and the least respected. Gay representations in the media have been considered to be an immoral code and as homosexuality was introduced into popular culture, the gay and lesbian community was oppressed from the start. Later film and television attempted to create well-rounded homosexual characters but often continued to reinstate negative social conventions with great attention in depicting gay stereotypes and how they shaped the publics impression of the gay community. Historically, heterosexuality has been seen as a crucial factor in defining masculinity and homosexuals have been perceived as lacking masculinity and in a sense feminine. Western patriarchal culture and system sees a simple interpretation of gay men and homosexual identities are oppressed within structures of domination and privileged. On the field of queer theory, the use of queer images, references and representations by mass media has not been seen in a positive light. Queerness popularity in advertising is not considered politically significant but instead commercialized. Queer politics expects that queers should be shocking and radical while being subversive. In reality, commercialized queer aesthetics makes it a mass media commodity, in which processed queerness loses its radical edge. As discussed in lecture, Adorno under the Grand Narratives of Modernity aptly states, Humans are not individuals or subjects, but rather commodities, objects and products of consumption with no unique characteristics so that they are easily and readily replaceable (Queerying Modern Law Lecture 2011). Mass media audience are all considered heterosexual, and mass me dias no matter how commercialized cannot shock, disturb or upset its paying hetero audience too much. Queer images in mass media are usually domesticated to ensure conservatism since being queer represented sexual glamour and exoticism. Images of queer identities in the media have nothing to do with equality between genders and sexualities (Mistry, 2000). The actual processes of commercializing and aestheticizing queer are in fact capitalistic utilization that colonizes queer identities. It makes use of the otherness of gay people which only to maintain heterosexual hegemony (Roseneil 2000: 154). As part of a social and mass culture revolutionary movement, the television series Queer as Folk (North American Version) portrays masculinity in a noticeably progressive way; due to the overtly sexual nature of the show and the fact that all of the characters are homosexuals. Queer as Folk, in many ways, attempts to broaden the category of normative masculinity to include gay men. All the while, the series flaunts and celebrates a non-normative and hegemonic masculinity most notable through the actions and characteristics of main character- Brian Kinney-a successful and good-looking 29-year-old with extreme arrogance, narcissism and sexual promiscuity. The series when viewed closer, subconsciously relates to queer identity, politics, masculinity and acceptance. Queer as Folk significantly function as the relation between queer politics and queer aesthetics. Queer as Folk (North American Version) is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and follows the lives of five gay men: Brian, Justin, Michael, Emmett, Ted; a lesbian couple, Lindsay and Melanie; and Michaels mother Debbie. The show is based off a British Series by the same name written by Russell T. Davies, a homosexual who wanted to fill the void within the British media of homosexual characters. It deals with issues that define queer politics and identities: coming out, same-sex marriage, gay adoption, discrimination in the workplace based on sexual orientation, recreational drug use and abuse, artificial insemination, vigilantism, gay-bashing/violence, HIV-positive status, underage prostitution, actively gay Catholic priests, the internet pornography industry. The main characters are Brian, Justin and Michael, three male homosexuals who spend their time in the pubs and clubs of Pittsburghs Liberty Ave. The protagonists personify changes and new gayness- a modern phenomena in cultural re presentations of homosexuality as compared to their predecessors. In a world of almost compulsory heterosexuality, [gay men and lesbians] reality [are rendered] equally marginal and invisible (Robson 1998: 6). Postmodernism question the earlier approaches, through defined discourses of homosexuality. In comparing the representations of degenerated gay guys with pre 1990s identity problems, these modern gay men have become out and proud heroes who praised the culture despite being reset from social marginality. Hegemonic masculinity is a widely used concept that refers to masculinity that holds the power in the society (Sipilà ¤ 1994: 19). In Western societies, hegemonic masculinity associates white, middle-class, and heterosexual masculinity to power and influence. According to Connell, hegemonic masculinity is not a fixed character type, always and everywhere the same. It is, rather, the masculinity that occupies the hegemonic position in a given pattern of gender relations, a position always contestable (Connell, 1995a: 76). Masculinities that are not in the power position are subordinated or marginalized homosexuals. Oppression positions homosexual masculinities at the bottom of a gender hierarchy among men. Gayness, in patriarchal ideology, is the repository of whatever is symbolically expelled from hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1995a: 78). Queer as Folk reveals, by exaggeration, excessive gay sex, cultural gay stereotypes, which traditionally reduce gayness to hyper sexuality and gender-bending. The show provocatively focuses on representing free time and sexuality of gay guys. It focuses heavily on their parties, alcohol, drugs, and multiple one-night stands, in which people are mainly seeking hedonistic sexual pleasure. It produces Butlerians idea of gender as performative in a way that embarrasses and confuses the viewers (Butler, 1993). The repetitive and explicit representations of sex acts become gender performance, in which the gender identities are actually represented by sex. Although the show produced queer aesthetics and making use of its fashionable appeal in today culture (Mistry 2000: 87) it is participating by watering down queers critical and political edge. All the while, it supports underlying queer political and provocative tasks. For example the show focus primarily on proud, healthy and wealthy, good looking and lively gays and lesbians that contradict traditional images of gay and lesbian representations usually represented as melancholic, deviant, deg enerated, sickly, and dying men and women (Lahti 1989 and Paasonen, 1999: 40). On the other hand it also declares gay rights and, more subtly, queer politics. As seen in a poster that states, Smash the Heterosexual Orthodoxy, and especially in Brians behavior. Brian clearly is a politically aware and hetero norms resisting person, usually responsible for explicitly constructing his own queer identity. For example, a sequence where Brian, a gay man, and Melanie, a lesbian woman, walk together with their baby (in doing so they are rebelling and falsely representing a nuclear family indicating the illusiveness of such representations) and kiss goodbye before Brian goes alone to a car dealership. The salesman in the store watches through a window of the family performance and with no question believes what he sees is a normal, productive, heterosexual family. Based on this the salesman tries to convince Brian that he should buy some other car than the one he has already chosen, because lots of gay guys drive that car, and it doesnt really fit into an image of a family guy, and a real man. He then adds that the resale value of those particular cars is high, because gay guys die young. Brian is aggressively and clearly annoyed of the remark and maliciously drives the car through the car stores window right in front of the upset salesmans desk when it was time to pay for the car. Word Cited Butler, Judith. (1993). Bodies That Matter. On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge. Connell, R.W. 1995a. The Social Organization of Masculinity. In Connell, R.W. Masculinities, 67-86. Cambridge: Polity Press. Lahti, Martti. (1992) Partial and excessively masculinity and the mans body. Womens Studies. 5:2. Mistry, Reena. (2000). From Heart and Home to a Queer Chic. A Critical Analysis of Progressive Paasonen, Susanna. (1999) Now! And forever rewind . Weddings media spectacle. Contemporary Culture Research publication 61. Robson, Ruthann. (1998). Sappho goes to law school: Fragments in Lesbian Legal Theory. Columbia University Press. Roseneil, Sasha. (2000). Postmodern changes in sexuality: Queer framework and its influences 2: 2000. Sipilà ¤, J. (1994). Mens Studies Cracks in Hegemonic Masculinity. In Sipilà ¤, J. A. Tiihonen (eds.). Constructing Man, Deconstructing Masculinities. 17-33. Tampere: Vastapaino.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Use of Irony in Barbara L. Greenbergs The Faithful Wife Essay

The Use of Irony in Barbara L. Greenberg's The Faithful Wife "The Faithful Wife" by Barbara L. Greenberg is a fascinating, satirical account of what the speaker would do if she were unfaithful to her husband. Upon the first reading of this poem, I thought the woman in this poem was saying that her husband was irreplaceable and because of that she would never be unfaithful. Also I thought that if she did betray him, she would choose someone totally different from him, which somehow wouldn't dishonor this great man. However, with repeated reading, my opinion changed. Greenberg did an incredible job of revealing the truth of the situation. She used verbal irony to explain how the wife in the poem is actually revealing the relationship she does have with her husband and describing the type of relationship she would like to have. Greenberg uses more formal diction to convey her message in "The Faithful Wife." The poem is not written in everyday language. It is missing the colloquial elements of contractions and slang. While it seems to be a conversation anyone could have, it is no...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Psychological Suffrage Exposed in Morrisons Beloved :: Toni Morrison Beloved Essays

     Ã‚   Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987) was her fifth novel, and the most controversial work she had ever written.   Morrison was working as a senior editor at the publishing firm Random House when she was editing a nineteenth century article which was in a historical book and found the basis for this story.   A direct connection between Morrison and this novel is best demonstrated by Morrison's statement of " I deal with five years of terror in a pathological society, living in a bedlam where nothing makes sense".   This novel is set during the mid-nineteenth century and reveals the pain and suffrage of being a slave before and after emancipation through deeply symbolic delineations of continued emotional and psychological suffrage.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stanley Crouch stated " For Beloved, above all else, is a blackface holocaust novel" (38-43).   He believed that by including sadistic guards, murder, separation of family members, a big war, failed and successful escapes, and losses of loved ones to the violence of the mad order, Morrison was attempting to enter American slavery into the martyr ranks of the Nazi's abuse of the Jews (Crouch 38-43).   Also, Crouch stated, " †¦she lacks a true sense of the tragic" (38-43).   He supported this by stating " †¦ it shows no sense of the timeless and unpredictable manifestations of evil that preceded and followed American slavery" (Crouch 38-43).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Crouch realizes that Morrison has real talent, in that he believes she has the ability to organize her novel in a musical structure by using images as motifs.   He also felt that the characters in the novel served no purpose other than to deliver a message.   Crouch believed that Morrison did not want her readers to experience the horrors of slavery that others did, but rather just to tally up the sins that were committed against the darker people and feel sorry for them.   Furthermore, he presumed that this novel was designed to make sure that the view of the black woman being the most scorned and rebuked of the victims of society, doesn't weaken.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Ann Snitow, " †¦she harps so on the presence of Beloved, sometimes neglecting the mental life of her other characters" (pp. 25-26). She believed that by sacrificing the other character's vitality until the very end, the novel is left hollow in the middle.   However, Snitow did state " If Beloved fails in it's ambitions, it is still a novel by Toni Morrison, still therefore full of beautiful prose, dialogue as rhythmically satisfying as music†¦and scenes so clearly etched they're like hallucinations" (25-26).   Snitow compares Morrison's writing style to Dickens, in that she believes that each of them are great, serious writers.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

W.S. Merwin as an Influential Writer of Poetry and Prose :: W.S. Merwin Essays

W.S. Merwin as an Influential Writer of Poetry and Prose Emergence At the day's end all our footsteps are added up to see how near. W.S. Merwin W.S. Merwin is an award-winning author of a wide variety of both poetry and prose books. He has served as a tremendous influence to me and has helped guide me along my writing journey. He inspires my best writing and has helped to shape my stylistics. I seek to follow in the footsteps of perhaps one of the most well known and popular poets of this century. W.S. Merwin was born in New York City in 1927 and grew up in Union City, New Jersey, as well as Scranton, Pennsylvania (Merwin, Selected 279). From 1949 to 1951, Merwin was a world traveler, as he worked as a tutor in Portugal, France, and Majorca (Merwin, Selected 279). In addition to writing poetry, Merwin also wrote articles for The Nation as well as radio scripts for the BBC (Merwin, Selected 279). One of his most famous poetry books, The Carrier of Ladders, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1970 (Merwin, Selected 279). In addition to his books of poetry, he published three books of prose: The Miner's Pale Children, Houses and Travelers, and Unframed Originals. Merwin received many outstanding awards in his career including The Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets in 1974, and the Governor's Award for Literature of the State of Hawaii (Merwin, Selected 279). Merwin's writing style is unique from many other professional writers. "Merwin has been committed faithfully to the energies of fragmentation, erasure, and all those energies we identify as negative" ("Boston Review" 1). Because Merwin is able to use this technique so effectively, I attempt to follow in his footsteps and try some of it out on my own. Rick Jones and I used this idea in our collaborative poem, "pierced existence," in which we did not use proper capitalization or follow some of the most basic rules English rules. When I write in this style, I feel more relaxed because I do not have to be concerned with grammar and spelling. I am better able to concentrate on imagery and the use of words. Merwin's magisterial control of lyric syntax and narrative order give the reader no difficulty; they are able to understand his work since it flows free from form ("Boston Review" 1). "The consistency, the inclusive and transforming vitality of the work makes it the crowning achievement of Merwin's long and extremely diversified career" ("Boston Review" 1).

Monday, September 16, 2019

Importance in the Handmaid’s tale Essay

Explore the ways in which religion is presented and its importance in the Handmaid’s tale. Religion is presented in a numerous amount of ways in the Handmaid’s tale. Christianity or Puritanism is the leading faith in Gilead and is portrayed as a controlling mechanism, which not only controls people’s bodies but strives to control their minds. Inside Gilead biblical and religious references act as fundamental laws and polices towards the controlling regime of Gilead. The people within the regime of Gilead are subjected to harsh and rigid lifestyles. This is justified by the leaders of Gilead by the use of the bible. From Offred’s perspective we can see the strictness of the regime that she lives in. For example â€Å"They can hit us there is scriptural precedent†. Atwood clearly displays the theme of fundamentalism to demonstrate the ideologies of those that impose the rules Gilead. Offred’s perspective often gives the reader an insight into how one would feel if put in the situation of having the regime of Gilead imposed on them. Offred describes some of her actions when she is alone in her room, â€Å"I can spend minutes, tens of minutes running my eyes over the print FAITH†. This emphases to the reader the notion of hope and that if Offred is going to escape or survive the regime with her sanity intact she needs to have â€Å"faith†. Weather that is religious faith in the religion she has come to hate or alternatively it may be faith in herself that she can survive even in this time of dyer. Handmaids wear the colour red which signifies life, lust and love. However in this colour Offred sees herself as a â€Å"sister dipped in blood† this is ironic as â€Å"sister† is referring to a nun. Handmaids share many aspects of their lifestyles with living in a nunnery. For example the solitude and the excessive covering up of body parts. However there is one lifestyle trade that handmaids and nuns do not share. While nuns take a vow of celibacy, the sole purpose of Handmaid’s is to have sexual intercourse. This view of Offred presents irony. In addition to this the use of â€Å"blood† may give the reader connotations of sin and misconduct. This reveals that Offred believes what she is doing is wrong and sinful. In addition to Offred’s perspective, religion as a theme is introduce in the society of Gilead. While religion may be introduced through a controlling means to justify the polices of the regime. But in Gilead it is not so much seen as practical part of life. For example many parts of religion that one would associate with the modern day do not exist in the world of Gilead. For example in Gilead â€Å"the church is a small one†¦ It isn’t used any more, except as a museum. † This demonstrates that Gilead is only theoretically religious and doesn’t practice many practical elements of religion like going to church as they are not used in the world of Gilead. In addition to this Offred also shows that nunneries do not exist in the regime of Gilead. â€Å"time is measured in bells, as once in nunneries†. By saying â€Å"as once in nunneries† it reveals that they are not around anymore. This shows another practical element of religion that has been abolished. Not only have the leaders of Gilead used the bible as political justification to their regime they have also invented new parts of the bible to further control people. â€Å"Blessed are the silent. I knew they made that up, I knew it was wrong, and they left things out too, but there was no way of checking. † The fact that Gilead has made up new parts of the bible shows the leader have used fundamentalism as an excuse for the creation of the regime. In addition to this the fact that women had no way of checking shows they have no access to bibles therefore another practical part of religion is not in practise. Religion is presents the main strengths that Gilead uses to control the different positions and is used as a justification method. However religion is also what defeats Gilead as this is what gives Offred hope and faith.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Deadly Compassion Essay

Euthanasia means â€Å"good death†. It must not be misunderstood to mean simply killing he elderly. The purpose of euthanasia is to relieve the terrible suffering and pain of a terminally ill person with an incurable disease. The cause of euthanasia is compassion. Deadly Compassion There are many ways to euthanize. Some of the more common ways in the recent past: * Suffocation with a plastic bag, most of the time (but not all of the time) drugging the patient first. * Gassing them to death with carbon monoxide: not even approved for putting down a dog or executing a convicted murderer * Lethal injection, but families are not usually allowed to watch because of what the cool poison does to a person as it slides down the bloodstream. True, many people experience pain, pain that I could not imagine. But at twelve years of age, I watched as cancer ravaged my father’s body. He died from advanced stage malignant melanoma, using the selfless care of hospice workers and the anesthetic effects of morphine to die with true dignity. Termanally ill patients DO NOT have to die a painful death. Modern technology has made the passing of millions much less painless than anytime in the past. Proponents of euthanasia exploit our natural fear of an excruciating death by ignoring this technology. This deadly compassion will end up giving the Grim Reaper one more tool, and in the hands of greedy relatives, uncaring doctors, and less-than-thorough legislatures, the choas demonstrated in the Netherlands will be mirrored in every country that gives doctors the power to end their patients’ lives. The causes of euthanasia are a desire to end suffering and the viewpoint of having mercy on the suffering person by ending his or her life. Euthanasia is when a person is assisted in suicide because he or she can no longer stand the suffering that he or she is incurring. Proponents for euthanasia believe that it is a merciful and humane way to end life, instead of watching someone suffer. Opponents to euthanasia believe that people’s lives should be respected to natural death and should not be taken prematurely. Euthanasia is assisted suicide. In animals, it is often referred to as â€Å"putting to sleep.† For people, it is a crime. I’m not sure what causes of euthanasia would be, exactly, since it isn’t a disease but rather an action. Someone would commit euthanasia, or help someone commit suicide, if that person were sick or dying. A famous example of this was Dr. Kevorkian. For animals, euthanasia happens when animals are sick or if an animal shelter ha s too many animals to care for. The effect of euthanasia is death. Euthanasia is a desperate act that comes in many forms according to the definitions below. Consider the motifs when considering causes. Each case has its own circumstances and many ethical, moral, and legal considerations are taken into account. The purpose is to relieve suffering of an individual or animal and a difficult judgement is at stake. There are many controversial issues in regard to religion also. Euthanasia: the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. (The key word here is â€Å"intentional†. If death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia) Voluntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed has requested to be killed. Non-voluntary: When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent. Involuntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary. Assisted suicide: Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called â€Å"physician assisted suicide.† Euthanasia By Action: Intentionally causing a person’s death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection. Euthanasia By Omission: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 21

25 Hari Seldon knocked gently with an old-fashioned code and Yugo Amaryl looked up. â€Å"Hari, how nice of you to drop around.† â€Å"I should do it more often. In the old days we were together all the time. Now there are hundreds of people to worry about-here, there, and everywhere-and they get between us. Have you heard the news?† â€Å"What news?† â€Å"The junta is going to set up a poll tax-a nice substantial one. It will be announced on TrantorVision tomorrow. It will be just Trantor for now and the Outer Worlds will have to wait. That's a little disappointing. I had hoped it would be Empire-wide all at once, but apparently I didn't give the General enough credit for caution.† Amaryl said, â€Å"Trantor will be enough. The Outer Worlds will know that their turn will follow in not too long a time.† â€Å"Now we'll have to see what happens.† â€Å"What will happen is that the shouting will start the instant the announcement is out and the riots will begin, even before the new tax goes into effect.† â€Å"Are you sure of it?† Amaryl put his Prime Radiant into action at once and expanded the appropriate section. â€Å"See for yourself, Hari. I don't see how that can be misinterpreted and that's the prediction under the particular circumstances that now exist. If it doesn't happen, it means that everything we've worked out in psychohistory is wrong and I refuse to believe that.† â€Å"I'll try to have courage,† said Seldon, smiling. Then â€Å"How do you feel lately, Yugo?† â€Å"Well enough. Reasonably well. And how are you, by the way? I've heard rumors that you're thinking of resigning. Even Dors said something about that.† â€Å"Pay no attention to Dors. These days she's saying all sorts of things. She has a bug in her head about some sort of danger permeating the Project.† â€Å"What kind of danger?† â€Å"It's better not to ask. She's just gone off on one of her tangents and, as always, that makes her uncontrollable.† Amaryl said, â€Å"See the advantage I have in being single?† Then, in a lower voice, â€Å"If you do resign, Hari, what are your plans for the future?† Seldon said, â€Å"You'll take over. What other plans can I possibly have?† And Amaryl smiled. 26 In the small conference room in the main building, Tamwile Elar listened to Dors Venabili with a gathering look of confusion and anger on his face. Finally he burst out, â€Å"Impossible!† He rubbed his chin, then went on cautiously, â€Å"I don't mean to offend you, Dr. Venabili, but your suggestions are ridic-cannot be right. There's no way in which anyone can think that there are, in this Psychohistory Project, any feelings so deadly as to justify your suspicions. I would certainly know if there were and I assure you there are not. Don't think it.† â€Å"I do think it,† said Dors stubbornly, â€Å"and I can find evidence for it.† Elar said, â€Å"I don't know how to say this without offense, Dr. Venabili, but if a person is ingenious enough and intent enough on proving something, he or she can find all the evidence he or she wants-or, at least, something he or she believes is evidence.† â€Å"Do you think I'm paranoid?† â€Å"I think that in your concern for the Maestro-something in which I'm with you all the way-you're, shall we say, overheated.† Dors paused and considered Elar's statement. â€Å"At least you're right that a person with sufficient ingenuity can find evidence anywhere. I can build a case against you, for instance.† Elar's eyes widened as he stared at her in total astonishment. â€Å"Against me? I would like to hear what case you can possibly have against me.† â€Å"Very well. You shall. The birthday party was your idea, wasn't it?† Elar said, â€Å"I thought of it, yes, but I'm sure others did, too. With the Maestro moaning about his advancing years, it seemed a natural way of cheering him up.† â€Å"I'm sure others may have thought of it, but it was you who actually pressed the issue and got my daughter-in-law fired up about it. She took over the details and you persuaded her that it was possible to put together a really large celebration. Isn't that so?† â€Å"I don't know if I had any influence on her, but even if I did, what's wrong with that?† â€Å"In itself, nothing, but in setting up so large and widespread and prolonged a celebration, were we not advertising to the rather unstable and suspicious men of the junta that Hari was too popular and might be a danger to them?† â€Å"No one could possibly believe such a thing was in my mind.† Dors said, â€Å"I am merely pointing out the possibility. In planning the birthday celebration, you insisted that the central offices be cleared out-â€Å" â€Å"Temporarily. For obvious reasons.† â€Å"-and insisted that they remain totally unoccupied for a while. No work was done-except by Yugo Amaryl-during that time.† â€Å"I didn't think it would hurt if the Maestro had some rest in advance of the party. Surely you can't complain about that.† â€Å"But it meant that you could consult with other people in the empty offices and do so in total privacy. The offices are, of course, well shielded.† â€Å"I did consult there-with your daughter-in-law, with caterers, suppliers, and other tradesmen. It was absolutely necessary, wouldn't you say?† â€Å"And if one of those you consulted with was a member of the junta?† Elar looked as though Dors had hit him. â€Å"I resent that, Dr. Venabili. What do you take me for?† Dors did not answer directly. She said, â€Å"You went on to talk to Dr. Seldon about his forthcoming meeting with the General and urged him-rather pressingly-to let you take his place and run the risks that might follow. The result was, of course, that Dr. Seldon insisted rather vehemently on seeing the General himself, which one can argue was precisely what you wanted him to do.† Elar emitted a short nervous laugh. â€Å"With all due respect, this does sound like paranoia, Doctor.† Dors pressed on. â€Å"And then, after the party, it was you, wasn't it, who was the first to suggest that a group of us go to the Dome's Edge Hotel?† â€Å"Yes and I remember you saying it was a good idea.† â€Å"Might it not have been suggested in order to make the junta uneasy, as yet another example of Hari's popularity? And might it not have been arranged to tempt me into invading the Palace grounds?† â€Å"Could I have stopped you?† said Elar, his incredulity giving way to anger. â€Å"You had made up your own mind about that.† Dors paid no attention. â€Å"And, of course, you hoped that by entering the Palace grounds I might make sufficient trouble to turn the junta even further against Hari.† â€Å"But why, Dr. Venabili? Why would I be doing this?† â€Å"One might say it was to get rid of Dr. Seldon and to succeed him as director of the Project.† â€Å"How can you possibly think this of me? I can't believe you are serious. You're just doing what you said you would at the start of this exercise just showing me what can be done by an ingenious mind intent on finding so-called evidence.† â€Å"Let's turn to something else. I said that you were in a position to use the empty rooms for private conversations and that you may have been there with a member of the junta.† â€Å"That is not even worth a denial.† â€Å"But you were overheard. A little girl wandered into the room, curled up in a chair out of sight, and overheard your conversation.† Elar frowned. â€Å"What did she hear?† â€Å"She reported that two men were talking about death. She was only a child and could not repeat anything in detail, but two words did impress her and they were ‘lemonade death.' â€Å" â€Å"Now you seem to be changing from fantasy to-if you'll excuse me -madness. What can ‘lemonade death' mean and what would it have to do with me?† â€Å"My first thought was to take it literally. The girl in question is very fond of lemonade and there was a good deal of it at the party, but no one had poisoned it.† â€Å"Thanks for granting sanity that much.† â€Å"Then I realized the girl had heard something else, which her imperfect command of the language and her love of the beverage had perverted into ‘lemonade.'† â€Å"And have you invented a distortion?† Elar snorted. â€Å"It did seem to me for a while that what she might have heard was laymen-aided death.'† â€Å"What does that mean?† â€Å"An assassination carried through by laymen-by nonmathematicians.† Dors stopped and frowned. Her hand clutched her chest. Elar said with sudden concern, â€Å"Is something wrong, Dr. Venabili?† â€Å"No,† said Dors, seeming to shake herself. For a few moments she said nothing further and Elar cleared his throat. There was no sign of amusement on his face any longer, as he said, â€Å"Your comments, Dr. Venabili, are growing steadily more ridiculous and-well, I don't care if I do offend you, but I have grown tired of them. Shall we put an end to this?† â€Å"We are almost at an end, Dr. Elar. Layman-aided may indeed be ridiculous, as you say. I had decided that in my own mind, too. You are, in part, responsible for the development of the Electro-Clarifier, aren't you?† Elar seemed to stand straighter as he said with a touch of pride, â€Å"Entirely responsible.† â€Å"Surely not entirely. I understand it was designed by Cinda Monay.† â€Å"A designer. She followed my instructions.† â€Å"A layman. The Electro-Clarifier is a layman-aided device.† With suppressed violence Elar said, â€Å"I don't think I want to hear that phrase again. Once more, shall we put an end to this?† Dors forged on, as if she hadn't heard his request. â€Å"Though you give her no credit now, you gave Cinda credit to her face-to keep her working eagerly, I suppose. She said you gave her credit and she was very grateful because of it. She said you even called the device by her name and yours, though that's not the official name.† â€Å"Of course not. It's the Electro-Clarifier.† â€Å"And she said she was designing improvements, intensifiers, and so on-and that you had the prototype of an advanced version of the new device for testing.† â€Å"What has all this to do with anything?† â€Å"Since Dr. Seldon and Dr. Amaryl have been working with the Electro-Clarifier, both have in some ways deteriorated. Yugo, who works with it more, has also suffered more.† â€Å"The Electro-Clarifier can, in no way, do that kind of damage.† Dors put her hand to her forehead and momentarily winced. She said, â€Å"And now you have a more intense Electro-Clarifier that might do more damage, that might kill quickly, rather than slowly.† â€Å"Absolute nonsense.† â€Å"Now consider the name of the device, a name which, according to the woman who designed it, you are the only one to use. I presume you called it the Elar-Monay Clarifier.† â€Å"I don't ever recall using that phrase,† said Elar uneasily. â€Å"Surely you did. And the new intensified Elar-Monay Clarifies could he used to kill with no blame to be attached to anyone just a sad accident through a new and untried device. It would be the ‘Elar-Monay death' and a little girl heard it as `lemonade death.' â€Å" Dors's hand groped at her side. Elar said softly, â€Å"You are not well, Dr. Venabili.† â€Å"I am perfectly well. Am I not correct?† â€Å"Look, it doesn't matter what you can twist into lemonade. Who knows what the little girl may have heard? It all boils down to the deadliness of the Electro-Clarifier. Bring me into court or before a scientific investigating board and let experts-as many as you like-check the effect of the Electro-Clarifier, even the new intensified one, on human beings. They will find it has no measurable effect.† â€Å"I don't believe that,† muttered Venabili. Her hands were now at her forehead and her eyes were closed. She swayed slightly. Elar said, â€Å"It is clear that you are not well, Dr. Venabili. Perhaps that means it is my turn to talk. May I?† Dors's eyes opened and she simply stared. â€Å"I'll take your silence for consent, Doctor. Of what use would it be for me to try to to get rid of Dr. Seldon and Dr. Amaryl in order to take my place as director? You would prevent any attempt I made at assassination, as you now think you are doing. In the unlikely case that I succeeded in such a project and was rid of the two great men, you would tear me to pieces afterward. You're a very unusual woman-strong and fast beyond belief-and while you are alive, the Maestro is safe.† â€Å"Yes,† said Dors, glowering. â€Å"I told this to the men of the junta. Why should they not consult me on matters involving the Project? They are very interested in psychohistory, as well they ought to be. It was difficult for them to believe what I told them about you-until you made your foray into the Palace grounds. That convinced them, you can be sure, and they agreed with my plan.† â€Å"Aha. Now we come to it,† Dors said weakly. â€Å"I told you the Electro-Clarifier cannot harm human beings. It cannot. Amaryl and your precious Hari are just getting old, though you refuse to accept it. So what? They are fine-perfectly human. The electromagnetic field has no effect of any importance on organic materials. Of course, it may have adverse effects on sensitive electromagnetic machinery and, if we could imagine a human being built of metal and electronics, it might have an effect on it. Legends tell us of such artificial human beings. The Mycogenians have based their religion on them and they call such beings â€Å"robots.† If there were such a thing as a robot, one would imagine it would be stronger and faster by far than an ordinary human being, that it would have properties, in fact, resembling those you have, Dr. Venabili. And such a robot could, indeed, be stopped, hurt, even destroyed by an intense Electro-Clarifier, such as the one that I have here, one that has been operating at low energy since we began our conversation. That is why you are feeling ill, Dr. Venabili-and for the first time in your existence, I'm sure.† Dors said nothing, merely stared at the man. Slowly she sank into a chair. Elar smiled and went on, â€Å"Of course, with you taken care of, there will be no problem with the Maestro and with Amaryl. The Maestro, in fact, without you, may fade out at once and resign in grief, while Amaryl is merely a child in his mind. In all likelihood, neither will have to be killed. How does it feel, Dr. Venabili, to be unmasked after all these years? I must admit, you were very good at concealing your true nature. It's almost surprising that no one else discovered the truth before now. But then, I am a brilliant mathematician-an observer, a thinker, a deducer. Even I would not have figured it out were it not for your fanatical devotion to the Maestro and the occasional bursts of superhuman power you seemed to summon at will-when he was threatened. â€Å"Say good-bye, Dr. Venabili. All I have to do now is to turn the device to full power and you will be history.† Dors seemed to collect herself and rose slowly from her seat, mumbling, â€Å"I may be better shielded than you think.† Then, with a grunt, she threw herself at Elar. Elar, his eyes widening, shrieked and reeled back. Then Dors was on him, her hand flashing. Its side struck Elar's neck, smashing the vertebrae and shattering the nerve cord. He fell dead on the floor. Dors straightened with an effort and staggered toward the door. She had to find Hari. He had to know what had happened. 27 Hari Seldon rose from his seat in horror. He had never seen Dors look so, her face twisted, her body canted, staggering as though she were drunk. â€Å"Dors! What happened! What's wrong!† He ran to her and grasped her around the waist, even as her body gave way and collapsed in his arms. He lifted her (she weighed more than am ordinary woman her size would have, but Seldon was unaware of that at ** the moment) and placed her on the couch. â€Å"What happened?† he said. She told him, gasping, her voice breaking now and then, while he cradled her head and tried to force himself to believe what was happening. â€Å"Elar is dead,† she said. â€Å"I finally killed a human being. First time. Makes it worse.† â€Å"How badly are you damaged, Dors?† â€Å"Badly. Elar turned on his device-full-when I rushed him.† â€Å"You can be readjusted.† â€Å"How? There's no one-on Trantor-who knows how. I need Daneel.† Daneel. Demerzel. Somehow, deep inside, Hari had always known. His friend-a robot-had provided him with a protector-a robot-to ensure that psychohistory and the seeds of the Foundations were given a chance to take root. The only problem was, Hari had fallen in love with his protector-a robot. It all made sense now. All the nagging doubts and the questions could be answered. And somehow, it didn't matter one bit. All that mattered was Dors. â€Å"We can't let this happen.† â€Å"It must.† Dors's eyes fluttered open and looked at Seldon. â€Å"Must. Tried to save you, but missed-vital point-who will protect you now?† Seldon couldn't see her clearly. There was something wrong with his eyes. â€Å"Don't worry about me, Dors. It's you-It's you-â€Å" â€Å"No. You, Hari. Tell Manella-Manella-I forgive her now. She did better than I. Explain to Wanda. You and Raych-take care of each other.† â€Å"No no no,† said Seldon, rocking back and forth. â€Å"You can't do this. Hang on, Dors. Please. Please, my love.† Dors's head shook feebly and she smiled even more feebly. â€Å"Goodbye, Hari, my love. Remember always-all you did for me.† â€Å"I did nothing for you.† â€Å"You loved me and your love made me-human.† Her eyes remained open, but Dors had ceased functioning. Yugo Amaryl came storming into Seldon's office. â€Å"Hari, the riots are beginning, sooner and harder even than exp-â€Å" And then he stared at Seldon and Dors and whispered, â€Å"What happened?† Seldon looked up at him in agony. â€Å"Riots! What do I care about riots now? What do I care about anything now?†

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Dover Bitch vs Dover Beach Essay

What is love? This is a question that is often discussed and argued about. Everyone seems to have a different perception on what love truly is. These perceptions help categorize what type of person you are when it comes towards love. This can range from being a hopeless romantic to a person who doesn’t even believe that love exists. A perfect example of how the views of love can be drastically different can be illustrated by these two poems; â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Dover Bitch†. â€Å"Dover Beach†, was written by Matthew Arnold in the 19th century. The love Arnold speaks of in his poem is a deep love that is indestructible. â€Å"Dover Bitch† was written by Anthony Hecht, in response to â€Å"Dover Beach† and refers to love as being a joke and nonexistent. Arnold can be portrayed as being a hopeless romantic while Hecht is skeptical and a cynic when it comes to love. There are many factors which influence the authors’ literary works including: the time period, the object of love in their poem and their overall view of the world. These components as well as the tones of the of the poems help convey the author’s view point on love and its place in society. Matthew Arnold’s legendary poem â€Å"Dover Beach† encapsulated the era that the poem was written in. He wrote this poem during the 19th century while he was honeymooning with his wife. Rumor has it that the newlyweds were honeymooning at Dover Beach but no one can be certain. In order to get a better grasp on what the text of the poem is referring to we must know what’s going on during the time period. When â€Å"Dover Beach† was written there was large transformation in how people thought and what knowledge was deemed acceptable. English society was changing from a primarily religious based society with high religious morals and standings into one that praised and honored the work of science. It was the dawn of the scientific and industrial revolution. With any major change there seems to always be benefits and side effects. Arnold’s poem addresses many of the side effects during this wave of change. Matthew Arnold’s primary point of concern has to do with the fact that people have lost their faith and are sacrificing their true feelings for knowledge. The Sea of Faith/was once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shore/ But now I only hear/its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar (lines 21-25)†. These are a couple of lines from â€Å"Dover Beach†; they help illustrate how people on Earth have lost their faith and how the world is being affected by it. The Sea of Faith refers to how everything used to be. People were full of faith and were attached to their emotions, but now that faith no longer remains all Arnold can here is a roar of sadness which is sweeping across the land. Anthony Hecht wrote â€Å"Dover Bitch† in response to the â€Å"Dover Beach† poem by Matthew Arnold. Although the poems were written only a century apart, views on love and life were immensely different. During the 20th century when Hecht wrote the â€Å"Dover Bitch† poem the world as Arnold once knew it no longer existed. Religion played a very minuscule role in society and it was the start of a sexual revolution. Sleeping with multiple people was not frowned upon anymore and the quest to be with one person for the rest of your life was thought to be ridiculous and was extremely uncommon. There was a mindset that there is no such thing as a â€Å"one true love†. Relationships were really just affairs and flings since there was a lack of emotional attachment. Hecht even pushes it as far to imply that what we believe to be love is actually lust and personal quest for pleasure. In a way Matthew Arnold foresaw what the world and what love would become if people were detached from their emotions. The world that he foresaw is the world in which Hecht inhabits; this world has caused Hecht to believe that love does not even exist. Both of the time periods in which â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Dover Bitch† were written help play a significant role in how the author views love. It is within this environment that they are able to perceive and formulate their opinions on love and whether or not it is present in their society. â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Dover Bitch† are both poems that describe â€Å"love†. However the objects to which the poem is directed are extremely different. The chosen object of the poem also corresponds to the time period in which these poems were written. Arnold’s poem as stated before speaks of a deep love, one that is forever constant. His poem is said to have been written for his wife, which would make sense since they were honeymooning together when it was written. Ah, love, let us be true/to one another (lines 30-31)†. In the poem Arnold is demanding that the love they have together should be pure and well intentioned. He believes that love exists and what he is experiencing is love and that this love can overpower any obstacle. By reading this poem it can be inferred that Arnold is in love with just one person and that he wants to spend eternity with them. In a way Arnold’s poetry is describing a â€Å"one true love†. The idea of a one true love is distinct to the time period in which Arnold lived. The tone used in â€Å"Dover Beach† is very melancholy and lamented. These two descriptive words of the tone are generally perceived as being negative, but in this instance Arnold is melancholic and lamented because he wants his love to last. So although after reading the poem the reader might perhaps almost feel dreary they are given a contrasting feeling of hope. In â€Å"Dover Bitch† however the object that Hecht speaks of is a casual fling. This makes the whole poem impersonal and is a blasphemy in the face of love. Hecht’s poem makes a complete mockery of Arnold’s poem. His word choice, tone and his nonchalant attitude devoted to the object support the fact that he does not believe love exists. There is an underlying theme built into his poem that love is not real and what the â€Å"lover† is pursuing is in fact lust and personal pleasure. This pleasure is purely physical and has nothing to do with the individuals emotions. An example of this is when the thoughts of the object used in â€Å"Dover Bitch† are revealed. â€Å"But all the time he was talking she had in mind/The notion of what the whiskers would feel like/on the back of her neck (lines 9-11)†. The object is thinking purely of partaking in pleasurable activities such as sex while the man in the poem is â€Å"declaring† his love for her. Obviously this is not an example of true love; this certainly doesn’t seem like love at all. In â€Å"Dover Beach† Arnold dedicates and pours his heart to a single person which makes the poem more intimate. Hecht however leads you to believe that there is more than one woman in his life and yet he is still unsatisfied. â€Å"She’s really alright. I still see her once in awhile/and she always treats me right. We have a drink/ and I give her a good time, and perhaps it’s a year/before I see her again (lines 25-26). The casual tone the author uses allows the reader to infer that the object of the poem is truly insignificant and holds no value to her so called â€Å"lover†. If you have ever witnessed someone who is in love going a few days without their significant other is hard but a year would be a living hell for them. This does not seem to bother the â€Å"lover† in Hecht’s poem at all. Basically by reading this poem you are allowed to make the assumption that people confuse lust for love. Hecht’s skepticism towards love is very apparent upon reading â€Å"Dover Bitch†. This skepticism of love is most likely due to the time period in which the poem was written. If most of society is partaking in affairs and are having multiple partners the idea of love might sound a little ridiculous. The words â€Å"I love you† wouldn’t take on any meaning after awhile and all hope for love might be lost. This is the attitude that I think the Anthony Hecht obtained and it was with this mindset he responded to Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Dover Beach†. The last major difference between these two authors and their poems is their outlook on life and where they feel love’s place is in society. Matthew Arnold has a very optimistic outlook on life and feels that love always and needs to have a place in society. Arnold states in his poem that the world around him has been corrupted and is filled with illusions; love can exist in this environment and be a glimmer of hope to all. This corruption is probably referencing the loss of faith in religion and even though that has been disturbed the love that people have does not have to be extinguished. Being a hopeless romantic Arnold makes it seem that a world without love would be terrible and catastrophic. Hecht however has a cynical outlook on life and feels that love does not even exist in our society. To him love can’t exist in a world like the one we inhabit. In a world full of corruption how can something as pure as love exist? It is safe to say that Hecht never believed in the â€Å"one true love† theory and instead this theory was replaced with one night stands and sexual affairs. This is why I feel that Hecht as a negative connotation of love and is skeptical of its existence. The overall attitudes towards life reflect how they embrace and except love. Leaving us with a hopeless romantic and a cynic. Although there are a lot of differences between â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Dover Bitch† they do in fact have some similarities. Both of these poems reflect the viewpoints their author has on life and love. They both encapsulate the time periods in which they were written and show how love was represented in society. The tone of the two poems also plays a key role in deciphering the author’s true feelings towards love.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critical analysis - Essay Example Though the report does not categorically answer each and ever question that are raised by it, however, it lays to rest some of the confusions/misconceptions regarding the â€Å"emoting† of the Britons. This report is skilfully written and the arguments that are used are very well put, however, it is noted that the topic of this report is not that contentious to begin with. There are no differing views, as such, possible to this report. It is not a double-ended question that this report is attempting to answer, but it merely puts forward questions regarding the emotional status of the Britons and then answers those in the light of the results of the research carried out. The research report is targeted at all Britons, and intends to improve our familiarity and perception concerning our emotional state. The language used is pretty simple and easy to understand, and does not require any specialised knowledge in any field to comprehend. It is a good read for anyone who is curious about the matter. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the targeted audience of this research paper is not merely sociologists or other specialised professionals. The report is mainly concerned with its own findings and is focused on those only. There has been little use of past research, with the only other research paper that is mentioned being research conducted by SIRC in 2004, The Kleenex for Men Crying Game Report: A study of men and Crying. Other than this fairly recent report, there has been no use of any research papers and/or reports in this document. The findings of this research themselves are the main topic for discussion. The report is quite well written and the results are presented in a very systematic yet interesting way. Graph figures are used to display the findings of the research. As emotional behaviour is often considered to be different in both the sexes, therefore,

Thursday, September 12, 2019

India as an Emerging Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

India as an Emerging Market - Essay Example This essay provides a comprehensive economic analysis of economic position of Indian economy in the world, with evaluation of economic outlook for the economy, based on the results of the research. An emerging market economy can be defined as that market economy which is growing from a small economy towards the level of advanced world economies. All middle and low income countries were previously considered to be emerging on the basis of per capita income; where in low capita income levels indicated poor exports while high per capita income levels reflect strong exports. However, this notion has since changed with time, mainly because emerging markets are not as poor performers. This is because currently emerging markets are said to be the driving force of world economy; it is approximated that 80% of the world economic growth has been as a contribution of emerging markets Emerging markets have become the owners of the majority of the world’s natural resources (minerals, oil); they have also contributed greatly to the rising share of global trade and investment. Ultimately, the companies found in these markets have become leaders globally in almost all sectors (technology, food and beverages). India is so far one of the most compelling targets for investment; it was ranked eleventh in terms of GDP in 2010. GDP being the economic measure of a market reflects that India is doing well as an emerging market.. This growth has been actualized by rising income levels, infrastructure development and a business friendly government.

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Personnel Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personnel Economics - Essay Example One of the key concerns in this context is related with selecting and subsequently, assigning appropriate individual staff members with responsibilities to deliver better education to the students. The other concern in this regard has been the stimulation of adequate mechanisms in order to develop the ultimate potentials in students (Neal, 2011). Emphasising the present performance of the personnel economics framework as applied in the modern educational institutions, the discussion hereunder intends to briefly highlight the impact of teacher quality on educational outcomes. Moreover, the discussion focused on addressing the impacts of teachers’ compensation contracts on their performances or educational outcomes. Background of the Problem Arguments in various studies have signified that the professional qualities of a teacher are of paramount importance to ensure the success of a student (Hasnain & et. al., 2012; Leigh, 2012; Neal, 2011; Lazear, 2003). However, the recently o bserved changes in the global economy can be observed to have created various problems relating to teachers’ aptitude and their capabilities. ... As from the preceding few generations, it has been viewed that the personnel policies practiced by the public school systems often create link between teachers’ retention and their respective performances inappropriately; therefore, hindering the effectiveness of the entire education system to a substantial extent. However, in various scenarios, scholars have been evidently advocated that the existing tenure decision along with retention practices often involve inefficient attributes of personnel policies, which altogether affects the educational system efficiency (Neal, 2011). Nevertheless, the organisational system that tends to measure teachers’ performances creating a linkage with retention or tenure decision is not widely followed by the modern educational institutions, which eventually generates various potential issues within the system (Neal, 2011). From the observation of various studies, weak retention and promotion processes in the educational system tend to reduce the aptitude and the capability of the teachers in delivering quality education. In relation to the present educational settings, the personnel economic policies have also been identified with significant deficiencies associated with the interrelation between the performance of the teachers and their existing salary structure. Moreover, the educational institutions have further been identified to reduce cost of their services through lower salary structure of the teaching professionals owing to easy availability of competent teachers (Leigh, 2012). Although the incentive plans designed for the teachers in the educational system often play a decisive role in improving their quality, it